Curriculum for Grade 2
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MODULE 1. Sums and Differences to 20
Students extend their understanding of addition and subtraction within 20. Use of base-10 blocks reinforces the concept of a "ten" to build place value understanding. Students move quickly from concrete models to more abstract equations. Students build their fluency with addition and subtraction facts, including those across a 10, by modeling the underlying concept of exchanging and memorizing number bonds of 10.
A. Balance the scalesB. Identify a missing addend in equations with a sum of 10 and their turnaround factsC. Match two addends to reach a sum of 10D. Record a model of base-10 blocks as two related equations that show subtraction from 10E. Solve +/- equations within 10F. Solve +/- equations that include the number 10 (Part 1)G. Solve +/- equations that include the number 10 (Part 2)H. Add ones to numbers in the second ten using base-10 blocksI. Subtract from numbers 11-20 using base-10 blocksJ. Solve +/- equations that include a 2-digit number with sums and differences 11-19
Students add and subtract with exchanging as represented by crossing a ten on the number line or making/breaking rods with base-10 blocks. Students use strategies such as "resting" on a round number to add or subtract across a ten or using 10 in place of 8 or 9 and adjusting their answer. Students build their fluency with +/- facts within 20. They work with equations with three addends.
A. Identify a missing single-digit addend to reach the next round number with and without a model of base-10 blocksB. Identify a missing addend to reach a sum of 20 with and without a model of base-10 blocksC. Solve +/- equations that do not cross a ten based on a number line modelD. Solve +/- equations within 100E. Model and solve +/- equations across 10 using base-10 blocksF. Solve +/- equations across 10 (Part 1)G. Solve +/- equations across 10 (Part 2)H. Solve +/- equations within 100
MODULE 2. Addition and Subtraction of Length Units
Students learn the basic principles of linear measure. They measure objects and line segments arranged horizontally, vertically, and randomly. They practice with increasingly abstract units of measure, from real objects to bricks to isolated centimeters to a centimeter ruler. Students learn to align an object to 0 on the ruler to measure length.
A. Count to measure lengths of objects in non-standard unitsB. Measure lengths of objects from endpoint to endpoint with no gaps or overlapsC. Measure lengths of objects by laying non-standard units correctlyD. Compare lengths measured in different non-standard unitsE. Count to measure lengths of objects in centimetersF. Measure lengths of objects aligned to a centimeter rulerG. Align objects to a centimeter ruler to measure lengthH. Draw a line segment of a given lengthI. Measure side lengths of 2-D objects using a centimeter ruler
Students explore the ruler to relate millimeters to centimeters. They then convert among millimeters, centimeters, decimeters, and meters using real objects as a frame of reference.
Students apply their understanding of measurement to add and subtract lengths using a ruler. They solve the problems of measuring objects that aren't aligned to 0 on the ruler as well as objects that exceed the length of the ruler by using addition and subtraction.
A. Represent change in length as addition or subtractionB. Add three measurements to find the total length of a pathC. Count to determine length of an object that isn't aligned to 0 on a rulerD. Subtract to determine length of an object that isn't aligned to 0 on a rulerE. Add or subtract length to solve a word problemF. Use a tape diagram to solve a +/- word problem involving lengthG. Show the question/solution element of a word problem on a tape diagram and solveH. Use a tape diagram to solve a missing addend word problem involving lengthI. Use a tape diagram to solve a missing subtrahend word problem involving length
MODULE 3. Place Value, Counting, and Comparison of Numbers to 1000
Students apply their counting and place value skills to three-digit numbers to 200. They reinforce their understanding of a hundred using the base-10 flat, place value cards, and a set of filled ten-frames.
Students apply their counting, reading, and place value skills to three-digit numbers. Students use the hundred chart as well as vertical and horizontal number lines to count forward and backward, identify missing numbers, and identify number names. Students address the challenging skill of counting across tens within a hundred and across a hundred. They strengthen their conceptual understanding of counting patterns and their ability to count mentally in the hundreds.
A. Determine a missing 3-digit round number on a number line and identify its written name (Part 1)B. Determine a missing 3-digit round number on a number line and identify its written name (Part 2)C. Determine a missing 3-digit round number on a number line and identify its written name (Part 1)D. Position 3-digit round numbers, in both digits and words, on a vertical number lineE. Count multiple hundreds crossing from nineties to hundreds based on a model of base-10 blocksF. Determine a 3-digit total of base-10 blocks with and without a model of place value cardsG. Count across a ten using 3-digit numbers on a number lineH. Count backward across a ten using 3-digit numbers on a number lineI. Count forward and backward across a hundred using 3-digit numbers on a number lineJ. Determine a missing 3-digit number on a number line and identify its written nameK. Recognize equivalencies between ones, tens, hundreds, and a thousand using base-10 blocks
Students rely on solid place value understanding to focus on the relationship between a three-digit number and its constituent parts. They strengthen their recognition of written number names and begin working with numbers that have placeholder zeros.
A. Decompose 3-digit numbers into hundreds, tens, and onesB. Compose 3-digit numbers based on a set of place value cards showing hundreds, tens, and onesC. Compose a 3-digit number based on its written nameD. Compose a 3-digit number with or without placeholder zeros based on its written nameE. Compose 3-digit numbers based on a given number of hundreds, tens, and onesF. Determine 3-digit totals based on a set of base-10 blocks
Students are introduced to the thousand cube base-10 block as they build their concept of a thousand. They also explore the relationships between ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands as well as the count sequence using familiar representations.
A. Recognize and represent 2-digit numbers as tens and ones (Part 1)B. Recognize and represent 2-digit numbers as tens and ones (Part 2)C. Recognize and represent 3-digit numbers as hundreds, tens, and onesD. Recognize and represent 3-digit numbers with placeholder zeros as hundreds, tens, and onesE. Determine how many more ones, tens, or hundreds to reach the next ten, hundred, or thousand using a number line (Level 1)F. Convert among ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands using number and unit notationG. Convert among ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands using unit notationH. Recognize equivalencies between ones, tens, hundreds, and a thousand with and without base-10 blocks (Part 1)I. Recognize equivalencies between ones, tens, hundreds, and a thousand with and without base-10 blocks (Part 2)J. Determine how many more ones, tens, or hundreds to reach the next ten, hundred, or thousand using a number line (Level 2)
Students develop their deep understanding of place value to compare and order three-digit numbers. They master common pitfalls, such as placeholder zeros and transposed numbers. Students move from using base-10 models and place value cards to visual recognition of number order and place value.
A. Use >, =, and < to compare a two-digit number with a three-digit numberUse >, =, and < to compare a two-digit number with a three-digit numberB. Use >, =, and < to compare at the hundreds place based on a model of base-10 blocksC. Use >, =, and < to compare at the hundreds place with and without place value cardsD. Use >, =, and < to compare at the tens place based on a model of base-10 blocksE. Use >, =, and < to compare at the tens and ones place based on place value cardsF. Use >, =, and < to compare at the hundreds and tens placeG. Use >, =, and < to compare numbers with placeholder zerosH. Use >, =, and < to compare numbers with placeholder zeros based on a model of base-10 blocksI. Use >, =, and < to compare numbers with similar digitsJ. Arrange numbers in ascending and descending order (Part 1)K. Arrange numbers in ascending and descending order (Part 2)L. Arrange two- and three-digit numbers in ascending orderM. Arrange three-digit numbers in ascending order (Level 1)N. Arrange three-digit numbers in ascending order (Level 2)O. Arrange three-digit numbers in ascending order (Level 3)
Students apply their knowledge of place value to compare numbers and complete counting patterns. They use multiple representations (base-10 blocks, numbered disks, and the number line) to support understanding, paying particular attention to working across place values.
A. Determine 1, 10, and 100 more or less than a given number based on a model of base-10 cubesB. Determine 1, 10, and 100 more or less than a given number with and without a model of numbered disks (Part 1)C. Determine 1, 10, and 100 more or less than a given number with and without a model of numbered disks (Part 2)D. Determine 1, 10, and 100 more or less than the same numberE. Compare two numbers that differ by 1, 10, or 100 with and without a model of numbered disksF. Compare two numbers by stating whether one is 1, 10, or 100 more or less than the otherG. Determine 1 or 10 more than a given number across place values with and without a model of numbered disksH. Determine 1 or 10 less than a given number across place values with and without a model of numbered disksI. Count up and down by 1 in the hundreds with and without a model of numbered disksJ. Count up and down by 1 in the hundreds across tens with a model of numbered disksK. Count up and down by 10 in the hundreds with and without a model of numbered disksL. Count up and down by 10 in the hundreds across hundreds with a model of numbered disksM. Count up and down by 100 in the hundreds with and without a model of numbered disksN. Count up and down by 1 in the hundreds across tensO. Count up by 10 in the hundreds across hundredsP. Count up and down by 100 in the hundredsQ. Identify and complete counting patterns up and down by 1, 10, and 100 (Part 1)R. Identify and complete counting patterns up and down by 1, 10, and 100 (Part 2)
MODULE 4. Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100
Students practice strategies for solving 2-digit +/- problems with and without exchanging. They apply their knowledge of place value, addition and subtraction, and number flexibility to solve equations and non-traditional problems using familiar representations (base-10 blocks, place value cards, hundred chart, and equations). Using concrete manipulatives, they begin to solve problems that require exchanging.
A. Relate 1 more or less and 10 more or less to addition and subtraction (Part 1)B. Relate 1 more or less and 10 more or less to addition and subtraction (Part 2)C. Identify the rule for a +/- 1 or 10 counting pattern and continue the pattern (Part 1)D. Identify the rule for a +/- 1 or 10 counting pattern and continue the pattern (Part 2)E. Record a 2-digit number as tens and onesF. Add a round number to a 2-digit number with and without using number bonds to add tens firstG. Subtract a round number from a 2-digit number with and without using number bonds to subtract tens firstH. Add and subtract 2-digit and round numbers including turnaround factsI. Add 2-digit numbers using place value cards to add tens and ones separatelyJ. Add 2-digit numbers with and without using number bonds to add on the tens firstK. Subtract 2-digit numbers with and without using place value cards to subtract tens and ones separatelyL. Subtract 2-digit numbers with and without using number bonds to subtract the tens firstM. Add 2-digit numbers with and without exchanging using place value cardsN. Add 2-digit numbers with exchanging and without using number bondsO. Subtract 2-digit numbers with and without exchanging using a model of base-10 blocksP. Subtract 2-digit numbers with exchanging using a model of base-10 blocksQ. Subtract 2-digit numbers with exchanging with and without using number bonds
Students use familiar manipulatives to guide them into using column addition with understanding. They begin by using the strategy of adding all tens and all ones and then combining the two. Then, they move into 2- and 3-digit column addition with and without exchanging ones for a ten.
A. Represent and solve 2-digit addition problems without exchanging using a disk modelB. Add 2-digit numbers without exchanging using place value cards to add tens and ones separatelyC. Solve 2-digit column addition without exchanging (Level 1)D. Solve 2-digit column addition without exchanging (Level 2)E. Exchange into the tens using a disk modelF. Add 2-digit numbers with and without exchanging using a disk modelG. Add 2-digit numbers with exchanging using place value cardsH. Solve 2-digit column addition with and without exchanging using a disk modelI. Solve 2-digit column addition with and without exchanging (Level 1)J. Solve 2-digit column addition with and without exchanging (Level 2)K. Solve 2-digit column addition with and without exchanging (Level 3)L. Solve 2- and 3-digit column addition with and without exchanging ones (Level 1)M. Solve 2- and 3-digit column addition with and without exchanging ones (Level 2)
Students use familiar manipulatives to guide them into using column subtraction with understanding. Students learn to determine whether or not an exchange is needed and, if so, how to do so with understanding. Then, they move into 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with and without exchanging a ten for ones.
A. Represent and solve 2-digit subtraction problems without exchanging using a disk modelB. Subtract 2-digit numbers without exchanging using place value cards to subtract tens and ones separatelyC. Solve 2-digit column subtraction without exchangingD. Exchange a ten for ones using a disk modelE. Subtract 2-digit numbers with exchanging using a disk modelF. Subtract 2-digit numbers with exchanging using place value cardsG. Solve 2-digit column subtraction with exchanging using a disk modelH. Solve 2-digit column subtraction with exchanging (Level 1)I. Solve 2-digit column subtraction with exchanging (Level 2)J. Solve 2-digit column subtraction with and without exchangingK. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with and without exchanging ones (Level 1)L. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with and without exchanging ones (Level 2)
Students build on their understanding of column addition and exchanging to move into the hundreds place. Disk models and step-by step prompting help ensure conceptual understanding and procedural fluency. A gradual release model helps students become independent with these multi-step problems.
A. Exchange into the hundreds using a disk modelB. Solve 2-digit column addition with exchanging into the hundreds using a disk modelC. Solve 2-digit column addition with exchanging into the hundreds with and without a disk modelD. Solve 2-digit column addition with multiple exchangesE. Solve 2- and 3-digit column addition with multiple exchanges
Students build on their understanding of column subtraction and exchanging to move into the hundreds place. Step-by step prompting helps ensure conceptual understanding and procedural fluency. A gradual release model helps students become independent with these multi-step problems.
A. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with exchanging into the hundreds (Part 1)B. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with exchanging into the hundreds (Part 2)C. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with and without exchanging into the hundredsD. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with multiple exchanges (Part 1)E. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with multiple exchanges (Part 2)F. Solve 2- and 3-digit column subtraction with and without multiple exchanges
MODULE 5. Addition and Subtraction Within 1,000 with Word Problems to 100
Students work with 2- and 3-digit round numbers to develop strategies for mental addition and subtraction. The first strategy teaches them to add on/subtract to the nearest hundred and then add on/subtract what's left. The second strategy teaches students to add on/subtract all of the hundreds and then add on/subtract all of the tens. Both strategies are supported by manipulatives such as a disk model and number line.
A. Add and subtract 3-digit numbers with no tens or onesB. Add 3-digit round numbers with and without using a disk modelC. Subtract 3-digit round numbers with and without using a disk modelD. Add a 2-digit round number to a 3-digit round number by adding hundreds, tens, then onesE. Add up to the next hundred with and without using a number line modelF. Add a 2-digit number to a 3-digit number using the "Make the Next Hundred" strategy (Part 1)G. Add a 2-digit number to a 3-digit number using the "Make the Next Hundred" strategy (Part 2)H. Add a 2-digit round number to a 3-digit round number using mental mathI. Subtract a 2-digit round number from a 3-digit round number by subtracting hundreds, tens, then onesJ. Subtract to the next hundred with and without using a number line modelK. Subtract a 2-digit number from a 3-digit number using the "Make the Previous Hundred" strategy (Part 1)L. Subtract a 2-digit number from a 3-digit number using the "Make the Previous Hundred" strategy (Part 2)M. Subtract a 2-digit round number from a 3-digit round number using mental mathN. Break a 3-digit number into hundreds and a 2-digit numberO. Add 3-digit numbers by adding on the hundreds firstP. Add 3-digit numbers using mental mathQ. Add 3-digit numbers with exchanging by adding on the hundreds firstR. Add 3-digit numbers with exchanging using mental mathS. Subtract 3-digit numbers by subtracting the hundreds firstT. Subtract 3-digit numbers using mental mathU. Subtract 3-digit numbers with exchanging by subtracting the hundreds firstV. Subtract 3-digit numbers with exchanging using mental math
Students use column addition to add 3-digit numbers with one or more exchanges. A gradual release model helps students become independent with these multi-step problems.
Students use column subtraction to subtract 3-digit numbers with one or more exchanges. A gradual release model helps students become independent with these multi-step problems.
A. Solve 3-digit column subtraction with exchanging with and without using a disk modelB. Solve 3-digit column subtraction with multiple exchangesC. Model 2-step exchanges in subtraction problems using a disk modelD. Solve 3-digit column subtraction with 2-step exchanges with and without using a disk modelE. Solve 3-digit column subtraction with 2-step exchanges
MODULE 6. Foundations of Multiplication and Division
Students work with identical real-world objects to form equal groups given either the number of groups or the number of objects to put in each group. They also determine the number of groups, the number of objects in each group, and the total number of objects. Students relate repeated addition number sentences to visual representations of equal groups.
A. Create equal groups by dealing objects one by one into a given number of groupsB. Create equal groups by putting objects into groups of a given sizeC. Identify the number of groups and the number of objects in each groupD. Determine the total number of objects in equal groupsE. Compose a repeated addition sentence to represent equal groups and determine the totalF. Compose and solve a repeated addition sentence based on equal groups (Part 1)G. Compose and solve a repeated addition sentence based on equal groups (Part 2)
Students work with abstract objects in arrays to determine number of columns/rows, number of objects in each column/row, and total number of objects. They use repeated addition to represent arrays, looking at an array both as a set of rows and a set of columns.
Students move from a collection of objects arranged in an array to arrays composed of a grid of squares. As in the previous topic, they determine the number of objects in each column/row and the total number of objects, as well as using repeated addition to represent the array.
A. Describe a rectangular array by rows or columns using repeated addition (Part 1)B. Describe a rectangular array by rows or columns using repeated addition (Part 2)C. Describe a rectangular array by rows or columns using repeated addition (Part 3)D. Create an array and label it using repeated addition (Level 1)E. Create an array and label it using repeated addition (Level 2)F. Create an array and label it using repeated addition (Level 3)
A. Add two equal addends to get an even number sumB. Pair objects to determine whether the total is evenC. Determine whether a set of objects is even or oddD. Identify how addition pattern of +1 or +2 relates to even and oddE. Determine whether a hidden number on a number line is even or oddF. Identify even numbers as ones ending in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8G. Identify odd numbers as ones ending in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9H. Identify 3-digit numbers as odd or even